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The Nonproliferation Regime

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) represents three basic bargains. The first is encapsulated in Articles One and Two of the treaty. They prohibit states with nuclear weapons from transferring them or the means to make them to states that lack nuclear weapons, and ban nonweapons states from acquiring them. The second NPT bargain is set forth in Articles Three, Four, and Six. These articles stipulate that the nuclear weapons states will negotiate in good faith to disarm and will share the benefits of peaceful nuclear energy with nonweapons states. In exchange, the nonweapons states pledge not to acquire nuclear weapons and to allow international inspections of their civilian nuclear facilities and materials to verify whether non-nuclear weapons states are in compliance with the treaty and are not diverting peaceful nuclear activities or materials to make nuclear weapons.

Jun 14, 2012	Patrick Roberts: Can IAEA Safeguards Work if Nuclear Power Grows? NPEC recently commissioned a study, "How Well Will the IAEA Be Able to Safeguard More Nuclear Materials in More States?" by Patrick Roberts of Virginia Tech to examine the assumption that if the IAEA has proper access, it should be able to safeguard against diversions. Dr. Roberts has been studying the workings of the IAEA both here and overseas for nearly two years. His conclusion is that in many cases, IAEA safeguards may not be up to the task, and that the number of these occasions is likely to increase as nuclear plants are built in a larger number of countries unless fundamental reforms to the agency are made. Among his key recommendations are that the IAEA develop clearer performance metrics for its safeguards system, that the agency's authorities to inspect be increased, and that its safeguards efforts be backed not just with more resources, but with more predictable, firm enforcement measures by the United Nations Security Council. Working Papers & Monographs
May 29, 2012	NPEC's Executive Director Speaks at a May 16 Hill Event on the Gold Standard Ambassador John Bolton, Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, & a panel of experts back the Gold Standard at a Hill Event. Audio & Video
May 23, 2012	Olli Heinonen: IAEA Inspections in Perspective Olli Heinonen, Senior Fellow, the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, presented this paper at a conference, "Reassessing the Assumptions Driving Our Current Nuclear Nonproliferation Policies," hosted by NPEC on May 21, 2012. Working Papers & Monographs
Apr 04, 2012	François Heisbourg: How Bad Would the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be? François Heisbourg, chairman of IISS, presented a preliminary version of this paper at a conference, "Reassessing Nuclear Nonproliferation's Key Premises," cohosted by NPEC and the Legatum Institute in London, Great Britain, November 3-4, 2011. Working Papers & Monographs
Feb 14, 2012	NPEC's Executive Director Signs Letter to Urge Obama to Back Gold Standard The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center and the Foreign Policy Initiative worked together on a letter to the President asking him to reconsider his decision to abandon the "Gold Standard" in favor of a case-by-case review. The Gold Standard requires non-nuclear weapons states to forgo uranium enrichment as well as spent-fuel reprocessing, and open themselves up to intrusive international inspections. NPEC and FPI argue that dropping the gold standard approach undermines global non-proliferation efforts and emboldens Iran because if the U.S. is willing to allow Vietnam and Jordan to make nuclear fuel, how will it convince Iran to refrain from doing this? Official Docs & Letters
Feb 07, 2012	Obama Turns Bush's Nonproliferation Gold Standard into Lead In an op-ed published by the National Review, NPEC's Executive Director looks into Obama's policy reversal and argues that leading and leaning on key nuclear suppliers to adopt the Gold Standard is our only option. Moreover, if the U.S. allows Jordan, Vietnam, South Korea, or Saudi Arabia to make nuclear fuel, it can forget about preventing any other country, including Iran, from doing so. Op-Eds & Blogs
Jan 17, 2012	Letter to Congress Urging Amendments to S. 99, the American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2011 NPEC signed a letter urging Congressmen Fortenberry, Upton, and Markey to propose an amendment to the American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2011 that would promote a reliable domestic supply of vital medical isotopes while minimizing HEU commerce. Official Docs & Letters
Jan 03, 2012	Sir Michael Quinlan's Nuclear Nonproliferation Insights NPEC's Executive Director Henry Sokolski wrote this chapter commemorating Sir Michael Quinlan's three major insights into the link between nuclear power and nuclear weapons proliferation as part of Thinking About Strategy, A Tribute to Sir Michael Quinlan. Articles
Nov 21, 2011	Patrick Roberts's Presentation on the Ability of the IAEA to Safeguard Nuclear Materials if Nuclear Power Expands On Nov 21, 2011, Virginia Tech Professor Patrick Roberts conducted a presentation in London entitled "Scaling Up Safeguards: How Well will the IAEA Be Able to Safeguard Nuclear Materials in More States." Presentations
Nov 15, 2011	Former IAEA Safeguards Director Pierre Goldschmidt Calls for Automatic Sanctions Pierre Goldschmidt calls for the IAEA to adopt automatic sanctions in response to the Department of Safeguard's limited authority and lack of cooperation and transparency from IAEA member states. Working Papers & Monographs
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The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center (NPEC), is a 501 (c)3 nonpartisan, nonprofit, educational organization founded in 1994 to promote a better understanding of strategic weapons proliferation issues. NPEC educates policymakers, journalists, and university professors about proliferation threats and possible new policies and measures to meet them.
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